History

There have been human settlements in the area since prehistoric times. The oldest archaeological remains discovered at the site of Los Covachos date back to the Neolithic and Chalcolithic. The existence of quarries and mines in the area attracted people to the area. Its name comes from the Arab word Al Medin Balat, which means Las Minas de la Calzada.

The town was cited by Ptolomy as Iluria. Important Roman remains have been found in the area, indicating that it must have been an important urban centre which was entitled to coining its own currency.

During the period of al Andalus it became very important due to its silver and copper deposits and marble quarry.

It was conquered by the noblemen of the Order of Santiago at the time of the Christian reconquest. Ferdinand III granted it a town charter and the privilege of having its own coat of arms. The Catholic Kings gave it the title of Loyal in recompense for the support of the town during the conquest of Granada.

During the War of Independence it played an important role in the battle of Bailén.

Eminent citizens
José Antonio Infantes Florido, bishop of Córdoba.